Was ist eine Brikettiermaschine? Wie funktioniert sie?

Brikettiermaschine

Was ist eine Brikettiermaschine? Wie funktioniert sie?

What is a Briquette Machine?

A Brikettiermaschine is a mechanical device that compresses loose materials into compact blocks (called briquettes) by applying high pressure. The purpose is to improve handling, transportation, storage, combustion efficiency, or recovery of valuable materials.

Briquette machines are widely used in:

  • Biomass fuel production (wood chips, sawdust, rice husk, straw, coconut shell)
  • Charcoal briquette production
  • Mineralaufbereitung (iron ore fines, manganese ore, fluorite powder, coal fines)
  • Metallurgie (dust recycling, steel mill waste)
  • Chemical and industrial material forming

A briquette is usually a dense cylindrical, square, or pillow-shaped block that burns longer than loose materials or is easier to process.


How Does a Briquette Machine Work?

The basic working principle is:

Raw material → Feeding → Compression → Briquette forming → Discharge

1. Material Preparation

Before briquetting, the raw material usually needs:

  • Zerkleinern – reduce particle size
  • Drying – reduce moisture content
  • Mixing – add binder if required

Examples:

MaterialPreparation
SawdustDrying + screening
Charcoal powderGrinding + binder mixing
Iron ore finesGrinding + binder addition
Coal dustMixing + moisture adjustment

2. Feeding

The prepared material enters the machine through a:

  • Hopper
  • Screw feeder
  • Belt feeder

The feeding system controls the amount of material entering the compression chamber.


3. Compression

The machine applies high pressure using:

  • Hydraulic piston
  • Mechanical piston
  • Rollers
  • Screw extrusion

The pressure forces particles together and removes air gaps.

Typical pressures:

  • Biomass briquettes: 30–150 MPa
  • Mineral briquettes: 50–200 MPa

4. Briquette Formation

The compressed material takes the shape of the mold:

Common shapes:

  • Cylindrical briquettes
  • Square blocks
  • Pillow-shaped briquettes
  • Oval briquettes
  • Hexagonal briquettes

5. Discharge and Drying

The finished briquettes are pushed out and may require:

  • Cooling
  • Drying
  • Packaging

Main Types of Briquette Machines

There are several classification methods. The most common types are:

1. Screw Briquette Machine (Extrusion Type)

Funktionsprinzip

A rotating screw pushes material through a heated compression chamber.

The pressure and heat form a dense briquette.

Suitable Materials

  • Sawdust
  • Wood chips
  • Rice husk
  • Straw
  • Biomass waste

Vorteile

✅ Continuous production
✅ No binder usually required
✅ High-quality fuel briquettes

Disadvantages

❌ Screw wears quickly
❌ Requires dry material

Capacity:

50 kg/h – 1,000 kg/h


2. Piston Briquette Machine

Funktionsprinzip

A piston repeatedly compresses material inside a cylinder.

The piston movement:

  1. Pulls material into chamber
  2. Compresses it at high pressure
  3. Pushes finished briquette out

Suitable Materials

  • Sawdust
  • Straw
  • Agricultural waste
  • Wood waste

Vorteile

✅ Strong briquettes
✅ High production capacity
✅ Long service life

Disadvantages

❌ Produces vibration
❌ Larger machine size

Capacity:

100 kg/h – 3,000 kg/h


3. Hydraulic Briquette Machine

Funktionsprinzip

A hydraulic cylinder pushes a piston to compress material under controlled pressure.

Suitable Materials

  • Charcoal powder
  • Mineral powder
  • Metal dust
  • Coal fines
  • Fluorite powder

Vorteile

✅ Very high pressure
✅ Adjustable pressure
✅ Produces dense briquettes

Disadvantages

❌ Slower production speed
❌ Higher investment cost

Capacity:

50 kg/h – 10 tons/h


4. Roller Briquette Machine

Funktionsprinzip

Two counter-rotating rollers with cavities press material into briquette shapes.

Material enters between rollers:

Material
   ↓

(O) ← Pressure → (O)

Briquette formed

Suitable Materials

  • Coal powder
  • Coke powder
  • Iron ore fines
  • Fluorite
  • Limestone powder

Vorteile

✅ Continuous operation
✅ Large capacity
✅ Geringer Energieverbrauch

Disadvantages

❌ Requires proper moisture and binder

Capacity:

1 ton/h – 30 tons/h


5. Charcoal Briquette Machine

Designed specifically for charcoal production.

Common products:

  • BBQ charcoal
  • Shisha charcoal
  • Honeycomb charcoal

Raw materials:

  • Charcoal powder
  • Coconut shell charcoal
  • Wood charcoal dust

Usually includes:

  1. Brecher
  2. Mixer
  3. Briquette press
  4. Dryer

6. Coal Briquette Machine

Used for converting coal fines into useful fuel.

Raw materials:

  • Coal dust
  • Coke breeze
  • Lignite powder

Common types:

  • Roller press
  • Hydraulic press
  • Stamping press

Applications:

  • Industrial boilers
  • Power plants
  • Metallurgical fuel

Comparison of Main Briquette Machines

TypPrincipleMaterialsKapazitätMain Application
Screw typeExtrusionBiomass50 kg/h–1 t/hBiomass fuel
Piston typeMechanical compressionBiomass0.1–3 t/hWood briquettes
Hydraulic typeHydraulic pressureMinerals, charcoal0.05–10 t/hHigh-density briquettes
Roller typeTwo rollers pressingCoal, minerals1–30 t/hIndustrial briquettes
Charcoal pressCompression moldingCharcoal powder0.1–5 t/hBBQ/shisha charcoal

Briquette Machine Used in Mineral Processing

In mining plants, briquette machines are mainly used for:

1. Iron Ore Briquetting

Fine iron powder → briquettes → blast furnace feed

2. Gold Mine Tailings Recycling

Fine tailings → briquettes → easier handling

3. Fluorite Powder Briquetting

Fine fluorite powder → briquettes → furnace use

4. Coal Dust Recovery

Coal fines → fuel briquettes

For mineral applications, the most common machines are:

  • Hydraulic briquette press
  • Double roller briquette machine

How to Select a Briquette Machine?

Choose according to:

1. Raw Material

  • Biomass → screw/piston
  • Charcoal → hydraulic/charcoal press
  • Coal/mineral powder → roller press

2. Capacity Requirement

Example:

  • Small farm: 100–500 kg/h
  • Small factory: 1–5 t/h
  • Industrial plant: 10–30 t/h

3. Binder Requirement

Some materials need binders:

  • Clay
  • Molasses
  • Bentonite
  • Starch
  • Cement

In mineral processing plants, especially for gold, coal, iron ore, and fluorite, the most commonly used briquette machines are hydraulic briquette presses and double roller briquette machines because they can handle fine powders and produce high-density blocks.

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