XJZ flotation machine
XJZ flotation machine There are thousands of old‑type XJ flotation machines in…
A cone crusher is a type of secondary or tertiary crushing equipment used in mining, quarrying, and aggregate production to reduce large rocks into smaller, more uniform-sized pieces.
It is called a cone crusher because the crushing mechanism consists of a moving cone-shaped mantle inside a fixed concave bowl liner. The rock is crushed by compression between these two cone-shaped surfaces.
Cone crushers are widely used for crushing:
They are especially suitable for producing fine and medium-sized crushed stone with good shape.
A typical cone crusher consists of the following parts:
The mantle is the wear-resistant liner mounted on the moving cone.
Function:
The mantle gradually wears out and must be replaced.
The concave is the stationary wear liner surrounding the mantle.
Function:
The gap between mantle and concave controls the discharge size.
The main shaft supports the moving cone.
Function:
The eccentric mechanism is the heart of the cone crusher.
It creates an off-center rotation of the main shaft, causing the mantle to move in a circular path.
Includes:
It provides power to rotate the eccentric assembly.
Modern cone crushers use hydraulic systems for:
The crushing process happens through compression crushing.
The working steps are:
Large rocks enter through the top opening of the crusher.
Example:
The material falls into the crushing chamber.
The motor rotates the eccentric shaft.
The eccentric movement causes the mantle to:
The mantle does not rotate like a normal wheel; it moves in a gyratory circular motion.
When the mantle approaches the concave:
The rock is crushed mainly by:
When the mantle moves away:
The discharge opening size controls the final product size.
Feed Rock
↓
┌───────────┐
│ Concave │
│ │
│ /\ │
│ / \ │
│ /Mantle\ │
│ ↺ │
└───────────┘
Mantle moves eccentrically
↓
Rock is compressed
↓
Smaller crushed stone exits
Older but reliable design.
Advantages:
Applications:
Modern design using hydraulic adjustment.
Advantages:
Common in:
Combines features of spring and hydraulic systems.
Advantages:
Used for high-capacity operations.
Advantages:
| Feature | Jaw Crusher | Cone Crusher |
|---|---|---|
| Crushing stage | Primary | Secondary/Tertiary |
| Crushing method | Compression between two jaws | Compression between mantle and concave |
| Feed size | Very large (up to 1,000 mm+) | Medium (usually <300 mm) |
| Product shape | More angular | More cubical |
| Capacity | High | High |
| Wear parts | Jaw plates | Mantle & concave |
A typical crushing plant uses:
Large Rock
↓
Jaw Crusher
↓
Cone Crusher
↓
Screen
↓
Fine Aggregate✅ High crushing efficiency
✅ Large production capacity
✅ Good particle shape
✅ Low operating cost
✅ Continuous crushing operation
✅ Suitable for hard rocks
❌ Higher initial investment than jaw crushers
❌ Requires regular liner replacement
❌ Not suitable for very soft materials
❌ More complex maintenance
For a gold ore processing plant, a common flow is:
ROM Gold Ore
↓
Vibrating Feeder
↓
Jaw Crusher
↓
Cone Crusher
↓
Ball Mill
↓
Gravity Concentration / Flotation
↓
Gold RecoveryThe cone crusher’s job is to reduce the jaw crusher product into smaller particles suitable for grinding in the ball mill.
| Model | Feed Size | Capacity |
|---|---|---|
| Small cone crusher | 50–100 mm | 10–50 t/h |
| Medium cone crusher | 100–200 mm | 50–300 t/h |
| Large cone crusher | 200–350 mm | 300–1000+ t/h |
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